This review examines the use of selective agonists and antagonists to determine the roles of the AR subtypes in the one-trial discriminated avoidance learning paradigm in the chick.
Noradrenaline can activate any of nine different adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes in the brain and selectivity of action may be achieved by the spatial location and relative density of the AR subtypes, by different affinities of the different subtypes and by temporal selectivity in terms of when the different ARs are activated in the memory formation process. Release of noradrenaline by attentional/arousal/vigilance factors appears to be essential for learning and is responsible for the consolidation of memory. Noradrenaline release in areas within the forebrain occurs following activation of noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus (LoC).
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